Wednesday, March 11, 2020

How to Make a Green Fire Halloween Jack-o-Lantern

How to Make a Green Fire Halloween Jack-o-Lantern One application of green fire is using it to light your Halloween jack-o-lantern. This is a super-easy effect that produces spectacular results (watch the video). Heres how you do it: Key Takeaways: Green Fire Jack-o-Lantern The green fire jack-o-lantern is a colorful flame-filled Halloween pumpkin.The project involves dissolving a salt in a flammable solvent and igniting it.The green flame comes from the emission spectrum of the chemical. Either the boron ion or the Copper II (Cu2) ion will produce a green flame.The project should only be performed by adults. While the salts used in this project are not particularly toxic, they are not safe to eat. Methanol (methyl alcohol) is toxic and should not be handled or inhaled. Green Fire Jack-o-Lantern Materials You only need a few simple materials for this project: Carved jack-o-lantern. Traditionally this would be a pumpkin, but you could use a watermelon, cantaloupe, etc.Boric acid (usually found in pharmacy or pest control section of store)Methanol (such as Heetâ„ ¢ fuel treatment, found in the automotive section)Aluminum foil or heat-safe container that fits inside your jack-o-lanternLong-handled lighter Boric acid is a different chemical from borax (commonly sold as the laundry boost 20 Mule Team Borax). Pure boric acid is used to make a disinfectant solution and as a powder to kill and control cockroaches and other insects in the home. Boric acid dissolves better than borax in methanol, so it produces a better green flame. However, if you cant find boric acid, you can substitute borax and still get green fire. The green flame color is used in the flame test to help identify sample chemical composition. Nayef Hajjaj / EyeEm / Getty Images Other Substitutions Switching out borax for boric acid is not the only substitution you can make. You can use copper sulfate as the salt and a different alcohol for the solvent. Good choices include rubbing alcohol (contains one or more different alcohols), ethyl alcohol (ethanol), or isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol). These alcohols are less toxic than methanol, plus they contain water. The water is important because it dissolves the copper sulfate so it can color the flame. Copper sulfate is sold as a pure chemical and also as a root killing chemical. It is available online and at some home supply stores. The container should be labeled as copper sulfate, copper sulphate, or copper sulfate pentahydrate. If you get copper sulfate, you can also use it for other projects, such as growing blue copper sulfate crystals or making a copper sulfate geode. Fun Fact: The copper ion can emit either green or blue light. Cu2 is green, while Cu is blue. Unfortunately, changing the copper oxidation state is not a simple matter. It requires a series of redox reactions that could cant easily do at home. Start the Green  Fire! Technically all you need to do is sprinkle boric acid in a heat-safe container, add a little methanol, set the container inside the jack-o-lantern and light the fire. Its important to use a long-handled lighter, since the vapor pressure of methanol is very high and you will hear that whoof sound when you light the mixture. The best result, in my opinion, comes from lining the inside of the jack-o-lantern with aluminum foil and using the pumpkin as the heat-safe container. You can sprinkle boric acid inside the jack-o-lantern, splash a little methanol around, and light the decoration. The aluminum helps contain the liquid, plus it is reflective so it enhances the brightness of the display. Do not add more fuel to the burning fire; wait until it goes out. Safety note: dont do this indoors! Holiday Clean-Up Tips The green fire can get very hot, so there is a good chance your pumpkin will get somewhat cooked by lighting it this way. The methanol is burned away by the fire, leaving some boric acid residue with your pumpkin. While boric acid is not particularly toxic, you dont want kids or animals to eat this jack-o-lantern, nor is it ideal for compost since too much boron can be toxic to plants. Be sure to throw your jack-o-lantern away before it rots in place. Just remember the pumpkin contains boric acid, so dont let anyone eat it.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Coca-Cola Case Study Essays

Coca-Cola Case Study Essays Coca-Cola Case Study Paper Coca-Cola Case Study Paper Company Overview Coca-Cola drink was created in May 1886 by Dr. John Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1891, entrepreneur Asa G Candler gained ownership of the Coca-Cola business. Ernest Woodruff bought Coca-Cola for $25 million in 1919. Coca-Cola gradually grew and became one of the world’s largest soft drinks company. Although Coca-Cola also deals with non-carbonated drinks, its primary products are carbonated drinks. PEST Analysis The PEST Analysis is an analysis to examine the macro-environment of Coca-Cola’s operations (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). Political Like most companies, Coca-Cola is monitoring the policies and regulations set by the government. There are no political issues in this instance. Economic There is low growth in the market for carbonated drinks, especially in Coca-Cola’s main market, North America. The market growth recorded at only 1% for North America in 2004. Social There are changes in consumers’ lifestyles. Consumers are more health conscious. This affects the Coca-Cola’s sales of the carbonated drinks as consumers prefer non-carbonated drinks such as tea, juices and bottled drinks. Demand for carbonated drinks decreases and this leads to a decrease in Coca-Cola’s revenues. Technological Furthermore, it many are able to better withstand poor trading conditions in one particular market. If products are performing poorly in Mexican for instance, which is experiencing economic problems, this might be offset by a growth in sales in new market economies in eastern Europe such as Hungary, which consumes 153 serving f Coca-Cola per head per year. Lastly, by operating globally Coca-Cola will be able to engage in joint ventures with businesses in local markets and take advantages of their local knowledge and distribution networks. Anchor bottlers, fort example had the management and resources to match the growth targets of the economy. The principle threat for Coca-Cola arising from the globalisation of the world economy ids competition from other drinks manufacturers. It is possible that the hypercompetitive state of many global markets may create future difficulties for Coca-Cola. For example, drinks companies in the Newly Industrialised countries (NICs) may emerge in the 21st century as a threat to Coca-Cola. In addition just as Coca-Cola has benefited from a convergence of consumer tastes which have accompanied globalisation and which has resulted in consumers all over the world drinking its products, so it may suffer from a shift in global drink tastes away from cola drinks, which form the core of Coca-Colas business. Furthermore there is also evidence in the article which suggests that a global approach is not always effective. Despite producing one of the worlds most famous advertisements, it did not sell much of the product. The business changed strategy as a result away from single theme advertising, to take into account the nature into which the company is selling. Lastly, a global approach requires massive investment and expenditure. If the world economy is in recession which particularly affects the USA and other countries buying Coca-Cola products, then the business may be greatly affected. Furthermore there is also evidence in the article which suggests that a global approach is not always effective. Despite producing one of the worlds most famous advertisements, it did not sell much of the product. The business changed strategy as a result away from single theme advertising, to take into account the nature into which the company is selling. Lastly, a global approach requires massive investment and expenditure. If the world economy is in recession which particularly affects the USA and other countries buying Coca-Cola products, then the business may be greatly affected. Furthermore there is also evidence in the article which suggests that a global approach is not always effective. Despite producing one of the worlds most famous advertisements, it did not sell much of the product. The business changed strategy as a result away from single theme advertising, to take into account the nature into which the company is selling. Lastly, a global approach requires massive investment and expenditure. If the world economy is in recession which particularly affects the USA and other countries buying Coca-Cola products, then the business may be greatly affected. Furthermore there is also evidence in the article which suggests that a global approach is not always effective. Despite producing one of the worlds most famous advertisements, it did not sell much of the product. The business changed strategy as a result away from single theme advertising, to take into account the nature into which the company is selling. Lastly, a global approach requires massive investment and expenditure. If the world economy is in recession which particularly affects the USA and other countries buying Coca-Cola products, then the business may be greatly affected.